Time in mind: a multidisciplinary review on temporal perception, cognition, and memory
Journal: Frontiers in Cognition
DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2026.1688754
Published: 21 Jan 2026

Introduction
Time perception is fundamental to cognition, yet remains poorly understood. This review integrates findings from psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and evolutionary biology.
2 Neurobiology of Time Perception
Multiple neural systems contribute to temporal perception, including the cerebellum, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Recent neuroimaging studies have identified specific brain regions involved in different timescales of perception.
3 Temporal Cognition and Memory
Memory plays a crucial role in temporal estimation. The relationship between working memory and time perception is explored in detail.
4 Evolutionary Perspectives
Temporal perception abilities vary across species and are shaped by ecological niche and behavioral requirements.
5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Future research should integrate findings across disciplines to develop comprehensive models of temporal perception and cognition.
Citation:
Jeffery R. L. Pendleton, Nicola S. Clayton (2026) Time in mind: a multidisciplinary review on temporal perception, cognition, and memory. Frontiers in Cognition. 10.3389/fcogn.2026.1688754
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